What are liquid or solid substances that emit toxic and irritating fumes called?

The term for liquid or solid substances that emit toxic and irritating fumes is typically referred to as poisonous materials. These substances can pose serious health risks when inhaled, ingested, or in contact with skin due to their potential to cause harm or even fatality depending on the level of exposure. Poisonous materials may release harmful vapors or fumes that can lead to acute or chronic health effects.

Understanding this definition is crucial for safety in handling hazardous materials, as it emphasizes the need for proper precautions, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensuring adequate ventilation in work environments where these materials are present. While corrosive materials also pose danger through chemical reactions, and flammable solids are a risk primarily through combustion, the focus on toxicity and irritation specifically points to the impact of poisonous materials. Hazardous substances is a broader category that includes all types of risks, but it is not specific enough to refer to the emissions of toxic fumes.